Guys, thank you all for your time and your ideas.
I think I finally solved the problem.
After following the wiring diagram and measuring everything I could, I became more and more suspicious of the mysterious “filter” (which I believe is some kind of diode pack).
For anyone who might have the same issue one day, here’s what I did:
I bypassed the “filter”. I never managed to find it physically, so I assume it’s hidden somewhere inside the wiring harness.
I cut the YR wire at the connector and ran a new wire directly to the YR wire at the starter switch.
It works like a charm, and all the safety functions (clutch switch, etc.) are still working as intended.
I also installed a diode in the new wire to prevent voltage from feeding back into the circuit. I’m not even sure it’s necessary, but I preferred to be on the safe side and protect the ECU.
Maybe this will help someone else in the future.
Thanks again!